JohnByng wrote:Bishops did fight in medieval times. From what I recall they were banned from spilling Christian blood so they carried a mace rather than a sword or spear.
Whether that is true or not I don't know, but it fits with the other sneaky ways that religious folk get around the rules!
However, I agree this is a fantasy figure and a very interesting one.
Bishops fought big time. They were expected to raise and lead troops just like every other land holder. It is a myth that there was some sort of prohibition against shedding blood. Plenty of clerics participated in battle with swords, axes, and spears and were rewarded for it afterwards, not punished.
St. Cuthbert was a monk when he participated in the battles against King Penda of Mercia in the mid 7th century. He wielded a spear, not a mace, and kept this weapon with him when he rode into Mailros after the great battle at Winwidfield. St. Emilian was a bishop who wielded a sword and led an army against the Saracens at Autun in 725. He was never rebuked for this bloodshed, but instead credited with helping to save Christianity from the Moslem threat and, like Cuthbert, was later canonised into sainthood.
Another example of a warrior priest is Bishop Michael of Regensberg, who led troops and actively fought against the Magyars at Lechfeld in 955. Another is Bruno, Bishop of Touls (later to become Pope Leo IX) who commanded an army and participated in the fighting in Lorraine in 1026. Both of these clerics wielded lances and swords, not maces. In the early Robin Hood legends, Friar Tuck was a skilled swordsman; he wasn’t given a quarterstaff until much later. Wimund, an English bishop in the mid 12th century was wounded by a hand axe thrown by a Scottish bishop who objected to Wimund’s demand for tribute. Another example is Absalon, a Danish archbishop who personally led and fought in many battles from 1160 to 1184 to free Denmark from German rule. His statue in Copenhagen depicts him wielding an axe, not a mace. In 1171, Archbishop Christian of Mainz, was given the command of an army in the Lombard war and is said to have personally killed nine foes with his sword. 1219 King Valdemar II of Denmark and Archbishop Andrew of Lund led a crusade into Estonia. Andrew wielded an axe and a spear. Another incident is at the Battle of Mansourah in 1250. Lord Joinville described a priest named John of Voyssey who donned helmet and gambeson, and single-handedly routed eight Saracens with a spear, not a mace. The Abbot Henry, afterwards Archbishop of Narbonne, went at the head of the armies sent against the Albigenses armed with a sword. At the Battle of Otterburn in 1388, Froissart mentions William of North Berwick, a Scottish deacon who distinguishes himself with a battle axe. This man was not chastised for his using a bladed weapon; he was promoted for his valour to the position of Archdeacon of Aberdeen later in the same year.
Pope Julius II campaigned extensively to increase the papacy’s temporal power. His militancy began as an Archbishop when he was sent to lead an army restore papal authority in Umbria in 1474. He succeeded in reducing several towns. In 1506 he personally directed the campaigns against Bologna and Bentivogli and set out at the head of his army with a lance and a sword. In 1510-11 he once again took personal command of his army and set out at its head to do battle with the King of France in Northern Italy. It is said that when he commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt a bronze statue of himself and was asked if he would like to be depicted with a book in his hand, the Pope allegedly replied, “Why a book? Show me with a sword.”
There is a strong tradition of warrior bishops in the English see of Durham. Their coat of arms included a crozier crossed with a sword instead of the usual pair of croziers. Many of them rode to battle and actively participated in the fighting. At the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Anthony Bek, the Archbishop of Durham, led the second column of Edward’s host against the Scottish left flank and was actively involved in the fighting. He wielded a lance and a sword like the knights under his command. Another was Thomas de Hatfield (Bishop of Durham, 1345-1381) who wielded a lance and an axe in battle. The following excerpt is from the Ballad of Durham Field (fought in 1346) and describes de Hatfield and five hundred of his priests wielding edged weapons in the battle (the bishop wields an axe and the priests have spears):
Five hundred priests said mass that day
In Durham in the field,
And afterwards, as I heard say,
They bare both spear and shield. [XLIV]
The Bishop orders himselfe to fight,
With his battell-axe in his hand;
He said, ‘This day now I will fight
As long as I can stand!’ [XLV]